{"id":103,"date":"2026-05-20T16:10:14","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T16:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/?p=103"},"modified":"2026-05-20T16:10:14","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T16:10:14","slug":"black-lung-surges-in-coal-country-as-trump-slow-walks-protections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/?p=103","title":{"rendered":"Black Lung Surges in Coal Country as Trump Slow-Walks Protections"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<div>\n<div><!-- Tag ID: motherjones_right_rail_1 -->\n<\/div> <\/div>\n<div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Coal miners sit along a bench in dusty coveralls and jackets. The miners are white, mostly young, men.\" class=\"wp-image-102\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5e9b84dc26d343f50a43a8a76e692637-1024x576.webp\" width=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5e9b84dc26d343f50a43a8a76e692637-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5e9b84dc26d343f50a43a8a76e692637-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5e9b84dc26d343f50a43a8a76e692637-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5e9b84dc26d343f50a43a8a76e692637-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5e9b84dc26d343f50a43a8a76e692637.webp 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>This story was originally published by\u00a0<\/em>Yale E360\u00a0<em>and is reproduced here as part of the\u00a0<\/em>Climate Desk<em>\u00a0collaboration.<\/em><\/p><p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/?p=100\">Minnesota Is Doing What the Federal Government Won\u2019t: Holding ICE Accountable<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Justin Smarsh<\/span> and his family used to kayak a few times a year on the rivers and creeks near their home in Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania. High on the Appalachian Plateau, northeast of Pittsburgh, he spent hours in the woods and taught his two sons to hunt. Today, Smarsh said, he gets \u201csuffocated just walking.\u201d He has a constant dry cough, and he loses his breath if he bends down to tie his shoes.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>A few years after he graduated from high school and got married, Smarsh went to work in a coal mine in his home county, just as his father and grandfather had. \u201cIt was the best-paying job around,\u201d he said. \u201cIt still is.\u201d Now Smarsh, 42, has progressive massive fibrosis\u2014the most severe form of coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis, or black lung.<\/p>\n<p>There is no cure for Smarsh\u2019s condition. He tries to slow the progression with \u201cpiles of meds,\u201d he said, but things will eventually worsen, potentially to the point of heart failure. In patients with advanced disease, a flu or common cold can lead to a kind of drowning as the lungs fill with fluid. Smarsh\u2019s doctors say he won\u2019t live to see 50.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMost people think coal mining is a thing of the past,\u201d said Deanna Istik, CEO of Lungs at Work, a black lung clinic in Washington County, Pennsylvania. \u201cMeanwhile, we see more people being diagnosed with black lung disease than we ever have before.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Coal mining has always been a hazardous occupation. But today\u2019s miners face a new danger because they\u2019re inhaling something worse than the coal dust that settles in lungs, triggering immune cells to form nodules, masses, and scarified black tissue. Most of the large coal seams in the mountains of Appalachia are gone now. To reach smaller seams, miners must cut through much more rock with high levels of quartz, which gets pulverized into crystalline silica.<\/p>\n<p>When tiny particles of silica are inhaled, they act like minute shards of glass, leading to severe tissue scarring and inflammation and eventually to progressive massive fibrosis. Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)\u00a0estimate\u00a0the disease now afflicts one in 10 working miners who have worked in mines for at least 25 years. Rising rates of the disease have led to stark increases in lung transplants and mortality. Between 2013 and 2017,\u00a0hundreds\u00a0of cases of progressive massive fibrosis were identified at three Virginia clinics alone, leading NIOSH to declare a renewed black lung epidemic. Black-lung-associated deaths, which declined between 1999 and 2018,\u00a0rose\u00a0between 2020 and 2023.<\/p>\n<p>The disease is on the uptick at a time when the Trump administration is calling for the expansion of coal production. Last fall, the US Department of Energy announced it was investing $625 million in coal projects, and this month, President Trump signed an executive order reaffirming coal as essential to national security, a move that will direct billions of dollars in federal funding to the industry. But while the administration is calling for more coal, it is simultaneously delaying implementation of new regulations that would protect miners from deadly silica.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In the United States, black lung was officially acknowledged as a workplace-related illness only in the late 1960s, after a highly publicized disaster at a West Virginia mine killed 78 coal miners. Subsequent strikes and protests led to the passage of the 1969 Coal Mine Health and Safety Act, which mandated federal safety inspections of mines, set fines for violations, and established a benefits program to compensate miners with black lung.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Rates of the disease dropped almost immediately, and by the end of the 20th century, thanks to the implementation of those standards and a strong union presence in mines in Pennsylvania and across Appalachia, black lung was nearly eradicated.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In the last two decades, US coal production has fallen precipitously. It peaked in 2008 at more than 1,170 million tons,\u00a0\u00a0the US Energy Information Administration; in 2023, production was 578 million tons, a drop of more than 50 percent. But in Pennsylvania, says Istik, \u201cthis is not a dead industry. We\u2019re still cutting coal.\u201d A 2024\u00a0report\u00a0by the Pennsylvania Coal Alliance counted more than 5,000 mining jobs generating some $2.2 billion in economic output. Nationwide, there are still close to 40,000 coal workers.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Black lung diagnoses continue to mount. Doctors and miner advocates say the condition is underdiagnosed, as many miners are reluctant to undergo testing for fear of losing their jobs should their employer find out. \u201cI think there\u2019s always going to be that fear of retribution,\u201d said Istik. But eventually, she added, the symptoms become debilitating. Smarsh, a patient of Lungs at Work, didn\u2019t see a doctor about his labored breathing until his wife, Alicia, insisted he had no choice.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Black lung clinics are seeing more and more patients like Smarsh, who\u2019ve gotten sick in their 30s and 40s. In earlier generations, miners might have needed decades of coal dust exposure to develop serious disease, if they got sick at all. \u201cMy dad and my pap were both miners, and they didn\u2019t get it,\u201d Smarsh said. \u201cSo, I thought, \u2018Who says I\u2019m going to?\u2019\u201d But today\u2019s workers, who are breathing a much higher proportion of silica, can develop a disabling illness in much less time.<\/p>\n<p>Smarsh worked mostly as a roof bolter\u2014the person responsible for installing supports to prevent cave-ins\u2014drilling up into rock. He spent eight years underground before his lung condition made it impossible for him to work, or to walk across his own backyard without using an inhaler.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Experts have understood the dangers of silica dust for decades. In the 1970s, NIOSH\u00a0suggested\u00a0regulations that would limit exposure to 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air, averaged over a 10-hour workday in the mine. In 2016, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) adopted the 50-microgram silica standard for other occupations, like construction and manufacturing. But in 2017, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)\u2014which is mandated to conduct quarterly inspections of underground mines and enforce safety standards\u2014responded to industry pressure and set the limit for mining at 100 micrograms over an eight-hour workday.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>After a negotiation process that spanned years and multiple administrations and involved mining industry lobbyists, legal groups, and scientists from NIOSH and other agencies, MSHA announced in 2024 that it would issue a\u00a0new rule\u00a0reducing the silica exposure limit in mines to 50 micrograms, with enforcement to begin in April 2025.<\/p><p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/?p=97\">There Are Eric Swalwells Across State Governments<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The new rule would require operators to use \u201cengineering controls,\u201d such as improved ventilation systems, as the primary means of meeting the standard. Those tools could be supplemented, when necessary, by \u201cadministrative controls,\u201d such as clothing decontamination and avoidance of especially dusty areas, to keep miners from breathing unacceptable amounts of silica.<\/p>\n<p>The National Mining Association and other industry groups mounted a legal challenge, arguing that when ventilation systems aren\u2019t enough to bring respirable silica levels below the 50-microgram standard, operators should be able to require miners to use respirators to achieve compliance.<\/p>\n<p>But \u201crespirators are really the last line of defense because they aren\u2019t foolproof,\u201d Istik said. \u201cSilica is such a small particle; it still comes through.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Smarsh wore a respirator some of the time when he was underground. But there were other times, he said, when it was too difficult to see or breathe through it. \u201cAnytime you\u2019re underground, you see dust,\u201d he said. \u201cBut it\u2019s not the dust you see that gets you. It\u2019s the little stuff you don\u2019t see.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>While respirators are important safety equipment, it should not be the coal miner\u2019s responsibility not to get black lung, said Erin Bates, communications director of the United Mine Workers of America. It is the company, she added, that must ensure a safe work environment for its employees.<\/p>\n<p>When the Trump administration came into office, it cut MSHA\u2019s budget and staff. The agency had already been operating at a disadvantage: According to data from the Appalachian Citizens\u2019 Law Center, MSHA\u2019s coal mine enforcement staff has been\u00a0\u00a0over the last decade. The American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE)\u00a0reported\u00a0that another 7 percent of the agency\u2019s full-time workforce accepted the Trump administration\u2019s \u201cFork in the Road\u201d\u00a0buyout\u00a0last year, and 90 newly hired mine inspectors had their job offers\u00a0rescinded. <\/p>\n<p>There were concerns among black lung experts and advocates about the diminished agency\u2019s ability to implement the new silica exposure rule. The loss included people \u201cwe desperately needed,\u201d Carey Clarkson, who represents Labor Department workers for the AFGE,\u00a0told NPR\u00a0at the time. \u201cI can\u2019t image how many years of experience we lost.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>A few days before the April 2025 enforcement date, the rule hit two different roadblocks: the 8th US Circuit Court of Appeals granted an emergency stay of the rule in response to a petition led by another industry group, the National Stone, Sand &amp; Gravel Association, and MSHA itself announced it would delay implementation to give operators more time to \u201ccome into compliance.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The litigation has remained in limbo. Last November, MSHA\u00a0\u00a0to have the legal proceedings paused as it \u201creconsiders\u201d parts of the rule, and earlier this month it\u00a0announced\u00a0the delay would continue \u201cindefinitely\u201d pending judicial review. The agency did not respond to a request for comment.<\/p>\n<p>Bates said the union is disheartened. The agency \u201cwas literally created for the health and safety of coal miners, but they don\u2019t want to take that into consideration,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Rebecca Shelton, director of policy for the Appalachian Citizen\u2019s Law Center, which has been advocating for a new silica rule since the late 2000s, said her organization had hoped to see the rule implemented under the Biden Administration \u201cbecause we were concerned about challenges it might face.\u201d The process was slowed by intense lobbying, she said, and MSHA\u2019s need to study the rule\u2019s impact across diverse mining industries.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf the Trump administration actually cared about protecting coal miners from black lung, we\u2019d have a strong silica rule in place right now,\u201d she said in a statement issued by the center after MSHA announced the indefinite delay. \u201cInstead, they are hiding behind a ridiculous legal process to delay action while miners get sick and die.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Smarsh said his 19-year-old son wants to work in the coal mines. \u201cMe and my wife tell him all the time, you see what I\u2019m going through? All the good coal that was around here is gone. Now there\u2019s nothing but rock and silica.\u201d Gone too, Smarsh said, is any trust he once had in a coal company to keep miners safe.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAll they\u2019re worried about is \u2018you better have that black gold,\u2019\u201d he said. \u201cThey say they care about miners, but you go underground, you\u2019re taking the risk, for you to get nothing but sick, and to fill their pockets full.\u201d<\/p><p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/movingandmortgagehub.com\/?p=94\">Recent Close Calls for Michigan\u2019s Dams Are a Warning to America<\/a><\/p>\n<\/article>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The administration says it\u2019s pro-coal, but miners are increasingly stricken with this brutal disease.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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